Na Johnson Jabir
MIJO, MBEYA
Siku kama ya leo miaka 156 iliyopita, inayosadifiana na tarehe 15 Machi 1854 Miladia, alizaliwa Emil Adolf von Behring tabibu mashuhuri wa Ujerumani. Baada ya kumaliza masomo yake, Behring aliendeleza utafiti wa Louis Pasteur mwanakemia wa Kifaransa katika uwanja wa kuvumbua na kuzuia kuibuka maradhi ya kuambukiza. Kutokana na juhudi zake hizo, mnamo mwaka 1901 kwa mara ya kwanza kabisa alitunukiwa tuzo ya Nobel kwa upande wa tiba. Emil Adolf von Behring alifariki dunia mwaka 1917.
Siku kama ya leo miaka 30 iliyopita inayosadifiana na 24 Esfand 1358 Hijria Shamsia, ulifanyika uchaguzi wa kwanza wa bunge hapa nchini baada ya ushindi wa mapinduzi ya Kiislamu. Uchaguzi huo ulikata kiu kabisa cha wananchi wa Iran kwa miaka kadhaa ambao waliweza kupiga kura zao kwa uhuru na kuwachagua wabunge wawatakao. Uchaguzi huo ulifanyika huku kukiwa na njama kadhaa za maadui wa Kiislamu ambao walikuwa hawataki kuona demokrasia hiyo ikithibiti hapa nchini.
Siku kama ya leo miaka 25 iliyopita, inayosadifiana na 24 Esfand 1363 vibaraka wanaofungamana na madola ya kibeberu ya magharibi, walitega na kulipua bomu kwenye mkusanyiko mkubwa wa waumini wa sala ya Ijumaa mjini Tehran na kupelekea watu kadhaa kuuawa shahidi na wengine kujeruhiwa. Jambo la kuzingatiwa hapa ni kuwa, mlipuko huo wa sala ya Ijumaa haukusababisha hata kidogo kusimamishwa ibada hiyo, kwani Ayatullah Khamenei aliyekuwa khatibu na Imamu wa sala ya Ijumaa kwa siku hiyo aliendeleza shughuli za ibada hiyo kwa utulivu mkubwa.
Siku kama ya leo miaka 21 iliyopita, inayosadifiana na 15 Machi 1989, ardhi za Taba zilizoko kaskazini mashariki mwa Misri, zilikombolewa baada ya kukaliwa kwa mabavu na utawala wa Kizayuni wa Israel kwa miaka kadhaa. Utawala wa Kizayuni wa Israel ulilikalia kwa mabavu eneo la Taba lililoko upande wa mashariki mwa jangwa la Sinai, wakati wa vita vya mwaka 1967. Hatimaye jangwa la Sinai lilirejeshwa kwenye ardhi ya Misri baada ya kutiwa saini makubaliano ya Camp David kati ya Misri na Israel mwaka 1987
Monday, March 15, 2010
Friday, March 12, 2010
SOMO:NEWS WRITING
Na Johnson Jabir
MIJO, MBEYA
Mwanachuo mwenzangu ni vizuri kusoma na hili ili liweze kukusaidia katika somo hili la "NEWS WRITING".
News style (also journalistic style or news writing style) is the prose style used for news reporting in media such as newspapers, radio and television. News style encompasses not only vocabulary and sentence structure, but also the way in which stories present the information in terms of relative importance, tone, and intended audience.
News writing attempts to answer all the basic questions about any particular event - who, what, when, where and why (the Five Ws) and also often how - at the opening of the article. This form of structure is sometimes called the "inverted pyramid," to refer to the decreasing importance of information in subsequent paragraphs.
News stories also contain at least one of the following important characteristics relative to the intended audience: proximity, prominence, timeliness, human interest, oddity, or consequence.
MAADILI KATIKA UANDISHI WA HABARI
Accuracy and standards for factual reporting
Reporters are expected to be as accurate as possible given the time allotted to story preparation and the space available, and to seek reliable sources.
Events with a single eyewitness are reported with attribution. Events with two or more independent eyewitnesses may be reported as fact. Controversial facts are reported with of the publisher is desirable
Corrections are published when errors are discovered
Defendants at trial are treated only as having "allegedly" committed crimes, until conviction, when their crimes are generally reported as fact (unless, that is, there is serious controversy about wrongful conviction).
Opinion surveys and statistical information deserve special treatment to communicate in precise terms any conclusions, to contextualize the results, and to specify accuracy, including estimated error and methodological criticism or flaws.
Slander and libel considerations
Reporting the truth is almost never libel[7], which makes accuracy very important.
Private persons have privacy rights that must be balanced against the public interest in reporting information about them. Public figures have fewer privacy rights in U.S. law, where reporters are immune from a civil case if they have reported without malice. In Canada, there is no such immunity; reports on public figures must be backed by facts.
Publishers vigorously defend libel lawsuits filed against their reporters, usually covered by libel insurance.
Harm limitation principle
During the normal course of an assignment a reporter might go about—gathering facts and details, conducting interviews, doing research, background checks, taking photos, video taping, recording sound -- harm limitation deals with the questions of whether everything learned should be reported and, if so, how. This principle of limitation means that some weight needs to be given to the negative consequences of full disclosure, creating a practical and ethical dilemma. The Society of Professional Journalists' code of ethics offers the following advice, which is representative of the practical ideals of most professional journalists. Quoting directly:[17]
Show compassion for those who may be affected adversely by news coverage. Use special sensitivity when dealing with children and inexperienced sources or subjects.
Be sensitive when seeking or using interviews or photographs of those affected by tragedy or grief.
Recognize that gathering and reporting information may cause harm or discomfort. Pursuit of the news is not a license for arrogance.
Recognize that private people have a greater right to control information about themselves than do public officials and others who seek power, influence or attention. Only an overriding public need can justify intrusion into anyone's privacy.
Show good taste. Avoid pandering to lurid curiosity.
Be cautious about identifying juvenile suspects or victims of sex crimes.
Be judicious about naming criminal suspects before the formal filing of charges.
Balance a criminal suspect's fair trial rights with the public's right to be informed
MIJO, MBEYA
Mwanachuo mwenzangu ni vizuri kusoma na hili ili liweze kukusaidia katika somo hili la "NEWS WRITING".
News style (also journalistic style or news writing style) is the prose style used for news reporting in media such as newspapers, radio and television. News style encompasses not only vocabulary and sentence structure, but also the way in which stories present the information in terms of relative importance, tone, and intended audience.
News writing attempts to answer all the basic questions about any particular event - who, what, when, where and why (the Five Ws) and also often how - at the opening of the article. This form of structure is sometimes called the "inverted pyramid," to refer to the decreasing importance of information in subsequent paragraphs.
News stories also contain at least one of the following important characteristics relative to the intended audience: proximity, prominence, timeliness, human interest, oddity, or consequence.
MAADILI KATIKA UANDISHI WA HABARI
Accuracy and standards for factual reporting
Reporters are expected to be as accurate as possible given the time allotted to story preparation and the space available, and to seek reliable sources.
Events with a single eyewitness are reported with attribution. Events with two or more independent eyewitnesses may be reported as fact. Controversial facts are reported with of the publisher is desirable
Corrections are published when errors are discovered
Defendants at trial are treated only as having "allegedly" committed crimes, until conviction, when their crimes are generally reported as fact (unless, that is, there is serious controversy about wrongful conviction).
Opinion surveys and statistical information deserve special treatment to communicate in precise terms any conclusions, to contextualize the results, and to specify accuracy, including estimated error and methodological criticism or flaws.
Slander and libel considerations
Reporting the truth is almost never libel[7], which makes accuracy very important.
Private persons have privacy rights that must be balanced against the public interest in reporting information about them. Public figures have fewer privacy rights in U.S. law, where reporters are immune from a civil case if they have reported without malice. In Canada, there is no such immunity; reports on public figures must be backed by facts.
Publishers vigorously defend libel lawsuits filed against their reporters, usually covered by libel insurance.
Harm limitation principle
During the normal course of an assignment a reporter might go about—gathering facts and details, conducting interviews, doing research, background checks, taking photos, video taping, recording sound -- harm limitation deals with the questions of whether everything learned should be reported and, if so, how. This principle of limitation means that some weight needs to be given to the negative consequences of full disclosure, creating a practical and ethical dilemma. The Society of Professional Journalists' code of ethics offers the following advice, which is representative of the practical ideals of most professional journalists. Quoting directly:[17]
Show compassion for those who may be affected adversely by news coverage. Use special sensitivity when dealing with children and inexperienced sources or subjects.
Be sensitive when seeking or using interviews or photographs of those affected by tragedy or grief.
Recognize that gathering and reporting information may cause harm or discomfort. Pursuit of the news is not a license for arrogance.
Recognize that private people have a greater right to control information about themselves than do public officials and others who seek power, influence or attention. Only an overriding public need can justify intrusion into anyone's privacy.
Show good taste. Avoid pandering to lurid curiosity.
Be cautious about identifying juvenile suspects or victims of sex crimes.
Be judicious about naming criminal suspects before the formal filing of charges.
Balance a criminal suspect's fair trial rights with the public's right to be informed
Thursday, March 11, 2010
MUDA SIO RAFIKI YETU
Na Johnson Jabir
SOMIJO, MBEYA
Siku zote kila kitu huanza kama mchicha, pia hakuna marefu yasiyokuwa na ncha
Hivyo kila kitu ukifanyacho dhamiria kuweka alama au ukumbusho katika dunia hii ambayo ina mwisho na wewe kama mwanadamu una mwisho
Kumbuka Muda sio rafiki wa mwanadamu hususani Mjasirialimali kama mimi na wewe.
SOMIJO, MBEYA
Siku zote kila kitu huanza kama mchicha, pia hakuna marefu yasiyokuwa na ncha
Hivyo kila kitu ukifanyacho dhamiria kuweka alama au ukumbusho katika dunia hii ambayo ina mwisho na wewe kama mwanadamu una mwisho
Kumbuka Muda sio rafiki wa mwanadamu hususani Mjasirialimali kama mimi na wewe.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)